Scientific bulletin of the Tavria State Agrotechnological University

OPTIMIZATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STEEL FOR ENGINEERING STRUCTURES BY THE CRITERION OF STABILIZATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

О. В. Фомiн, О. В. Бурлуцький, І. О. Воронко, O. М. Бурсук, О. І. Козачук — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The aim of the study is to create a mathematical model for the operational control of the strength characteristics of the expected metal structure in the conditions of serial steelmaking. Traditional approaches based on test results of prototypes obtained in laboratory conditions are not suitable for this purpose. This is because, in mass production steelmaking, the strength characteristics of products are affected by the metal structure and many other melting conditions, in addition to their chemical composition. This justifies the need to take into account the parameters of interatomic interaction as optimization criteria.The main idea of the study is to take into account the concept of directional chemical bonding of metal, which links their composition, structure and metal properties.This concept is supplemented by elements of optimization of the chemical composition of steel, by the criterion of stabilization of mechanical properties, and by methods of planning experiments. This allowed us to obtain variation intervals for the main optimization criteria.To ensure the physical essence of the models for predicting the mechanical properties of steels of railway equipment bearing systems, it is proposed to use integral physical and chemical criteria: the structural parameter d (nm 10-1) and the physical and chemical equivalent ZY(e).The influence of alloying elements (chromium, molybdenum, vanadium) on the formation of mechanical properties of steel is studied on the basis of mathematical and physicochemical modelling. The intervals of alloying elements content that ensure compliance with the required standards are determined. Dependencies of changes in the mechanical properties of alloyed rolled products on the structural state index d were constructed.The intersection of the functions of properties of medium-carbon steels in the eutectic region corresponds to the provisions of N.S Kurnakova aw, and makes it possible to predict the level and combination of properties and characteristics of alloys.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM FOR FORMING SPATIAL MONOTONE CURVES

Є. А. Гавриленко, Ю. В. Холодняк, І. Р. Тетервак — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The formation of complex functional surfaces given by an array of points is an urgent task of geometric modeling.The geometric model of the surface is formed on the basis of a discrete linear framework, the elements of which are curved lines that interpolate sequences of points selected from the original array. Controlling the presence of singular points in the framework lines is an important condition for ensuring the necessary surface properties. The work solves the problem of modeling a smooth contour of the interpolating point series belonging to the curve line that contains the minimum number of singular points under the conditions of the problem. The solution of the problem of controlling the presence of singular points in the curve that interpolates the given point series is based on the rejection of its analytical representation. The interpolating curve is formed in the form of a region of possible location of its monotonic parts. All curved lines that meet the conditions of the problem cannot be located outside the specified region. As a linear element of the frame, a contour is used, which is formed inside the region of possible location of parts of the interpolating curve, along which the curvature values monotonically increase or decrease. The absolute error of interpolation of the point series is estimated by the width of the specified region. If the interpolation error of the original point series turns out to be greater than the assigned value, then the width of the region of the curve location is reduced by assigning intermediate points. The algorithm proposed in the work for modeling spatial linear elements of the frame while controlling the occurrence of special points is based on the formation of auxiliary flat discretely represented curves, the characteristics of which determine the configuration and properties of spatial contours. Based on the proposed algorithm, software has been developed for the automated formation in the CAD system of contours representing curved lines from the surface determinant.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF WHEEL TRACTORS

Д. Журавель, А. Бондар — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The scientific article substantiates the importance of adaptive steering for the controllability of wheeled tractors, in particular, taking into account important factors such as speed, gear ratio of the steering mechanism, external disturbing factors and others. The developed mathematical model allows you to effectively control the process of tracking the trajectory of the machine-tractor unit, ensuring compliance with agrotechnical requirements.When inter-row processing of corn, the deviation from straightness can be 10 cm when reaching a maximum speed of 4 m/s, which shows the importance of adaptive control to achieve the required accuracy and quality of processing.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A SPRAYER WITH A DOSAGE RATE CONTROLLER AT VARIABLE OPERATING SPEED

М. Л. Заєць — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This article is dedicated to studying the spraying process and assessing its quality at different travel speeds for an agricultural sprayer equipped with a rate controller.Speed variation is a common and unavoidable factor during pesticide application using sprayers. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of speed changes on spraying and application quality using a boom sprayer without a rate controller (CNS) and with a rate controller (SRC).During the study, the sprayer boom was evenly divided among three types of nozzles (XRC, AIXR, and TTI) to generate droplets of different sizes (medium, very large, and ultra-large, respectively). Before testing, the sprayer was calibrated to apply 180 L/ha at an operating pressure of 0,207 MPa and a speed of 9,7 km/h. To evaluate spraying and application quality, pesticide application was performed at five different travel speeds: 9,7, 12,9, 16,1, 19,3, and 22,5 km/h. Data collection was carried out by placing water-sensitive paper at various points along the sprayer boom in the field.Results for CNS (without a rate controller) showed that as speed increased, the number of applied droplets and spray deposition significantly decreased (p < 0,05) for all three nozzle types, which was due to a reduction in droplet density per unit area. For SRC (with a rate controller), spraying remained more stable despite speed changes.Travel speed affected spray quality for both CNS and SRC. However, for SRC, greater variations in spray quality were observed due to the increase in operating pressure as speed increased. The XRC and TTI nozzles exhibited similar trends in spray deposition and quality across both sprayer configurations (CNS and SRC). Meanwhile, the AIXR nozzle demonstrated inconsistent spraying performance and quality when travel speed changed.The findings of this study indicate that agricultural sprayers equipped with a rate controller provide more uniform and stable spraying compared to traditional sprayers (without a controller) when travel speed varies during pesticide application. Although spray quality is also affected when using a rate controller, following best practices, such as proper nozzle selection and application at nominal speeds, can help minimize these effects and ensure effective pesticide application.

RESULTS OF FIELD RESEARCH ON DOUBLE-DISC COULTORS FOR SOWING CEREAL CROPS USING MINI-TILL TECHNOLOGY

Р. В. Кириченко, М. В. Бакум, О. Б. Козій, Є. В. Лубченко — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The issue of improving the technological process of sowing grain crops under conditions of minimal soil cultivation is considered, which contributes to reducing fuel and lubricant consumption and reducing the time required to perform agrotechnical operations. The design of a two-disk coulter with a cut-out disk for use in grain seeders of the SZ type, designed to improve the quality of sowing using the Mini-till technology, is proposed. The design of the developed two-disk coulter is described for reliable formation of a groove of a given depth for sowing grain seeds when growing using the Mini-till technology using a larger diameter disk with cutouts along its periphery, capable of effectively cutting crop residues and soil formations of increased hardness on the path of the coulter movement, ensuring uniform seed placement to a given depth. When conducting comparative field studies, it was found that the depth of seed placement by serial coulters is less than that of experimental ones and the difference in depth increases with increasing speed of their movement. The coefficient of variation of seed penetration uniformity by depth is smaller in experimental coulters compared to serial two-disk coulters. Experimental field studies confirmed the superiority of the developed coulter over serial analogues in terms of uniformity of embedding depth and seed distribution along the length of the row. This is due to the better ability of the experimental coulter to penetrate into the soil due to increased efficiency of cutting crop residues by the edges of the coulter disks. The results obtained can be used in the development and modernization of seeding machines for resource-saving technologies for growing grain crops.

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES FOR THERMOREGULATION OF AIR IN LIVESTOCK PREMISES

О. С. Ковязін, І. О. Чижиков, С. В. Дереза, А. С. Пастушенко — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article analyzes alternative energy sources that can be used for air thermoregulation in livestock buildings.The study examines the efficiency of solar and wind energy, biomass, biogas technologies, heat pumps, and heat recovery systems. The impact of these energy sources on the energy efficiency of livestock enterprises is assessed, considering their potential to reduce energy costs and their environmental benefits. The main advantages and limitations of each energy source are identified, taking into account their availability, technical feasibility, and the possibility of integration into modern agricultural technologies.Special attention is paid to the adaptability of these technologies to different climatic conditions and their role in optimizing microclimate control in animal husbandry. The study highlights the growing importance of sustainable energy solutions in agriculture and the necessity of hybrid energy systems that combine multiple sources to ensure greater efficiency and reliability. The potential of solar and wind energy is particularly promising in regions with favorable climatic conditions, whereas bioenergy and geothermal systems provide more stable and continuous energy supply options, reducing dependence on fossil fuels.Furthermore, the study discusses the economic and ecological advantages of implementing alternative energy solutions in livestock farms. It is established that geothermal systems are among the most stable and promising solutions for thermoregulation, as they are independent of seasonal fluctuations and provide high energy efficiency in the long term. The findings support the feasibility of integrating alternative energy sources into livestock farming to enhance sustainability, reduce operating costs, and minimize environmental impact.

MODERNIZATION OF THE PLOUGH BODY WITH SUBSTITUTION OF ITS DESIGN PARAMETERS

Т. О. Кутковецька, О. Б. Мелентьєв — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article presents research on improving the quality of basic tillage by improving the working elements of a dump plow with a justification of its design parameters. It has been established that today many producers are returning to traditional technologies for growing crops and deep tillage with turning over soil plots, which occupies one of the main places. Therefore, it is important to increase the efficiency of dump plows for primary soil cultivation by improving their working elements. The scientific novelty in this study is the installation of additional flat-cutting working bodies on each plow body on the field edge side. The practical value lies in ensuring the stability of the plowing unit, reducing traction resistance and improving the quality of deep soil loosening. The main results of the study showed that a reduction in the draft resistance of the plowing unit and the energy intensity of the main tillage process with rotation of the soil clod can be obtained by improving the technological process of plowing, namely, by conducting layer-by-layer tillage. It can be noted that changing the shape of the cultivated soil layer should contribute to an increase in the angle of rotation of the soil clod, and maintaining the constructive width of the plow’s grip will prevent the violation of the geometric parameters of the working elements and thereby improve the quality of soil cultivation. It was determined that the proposed design with the use of additional working elements is operational with the following parameters: the length of the flat-cutting working element is up to 300 mm at a speed of up to 8 km/h. With these parameters, optimal agrotechnical and power performance indicators of the plowing unit are achieved, which fully meet the initial agrotechnical requirements. The obtained studies showed that the proposed constructive technical solution will ensure high productivity of the plowing unit.

HEAT TREATMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS AND WAYS TO INCREASE ITS EFFICIENCY

В. О. Лукаш — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This article discusses some important aspects of the heat treatment of agricultural materials, in particular grain drying processes, which are extremely important for maintaining the quality of the crop and ensuring its long-term storage. The topic of this paper is of particular relevance in the context of modern technological requirements that set the agricultural sector the task of reducing energy consumption, increasing efficiency and ensuring minimal environmental impact. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively study the key aspects of heat treatment of agricultural materials, to analyze in depth the existing problems that arise in the process of grain drying, and to determine the basic requirements for the design of modern grain dryers that provide optimal conditions for maintaining product quality.A number of problems that arise during the grain drying process are discussed in detail. In particular, such components as uneven drying, high energy costs, and possible deterioration of grain quality due to improper regulation of temperature and moisture conditions are analyzed. The author emphasizes the importance of compliance of modern grain drying plants with the requirements of energy efficiency, environmental friendliness and innovative technologies. It is emphasized that in order to achieve the most effective results, it is necessary not only to properly adjust the temperature conditions, but also to improve the design of drying plants, taking into account the latest developments in the field of materials science and processing technologies.Various technological approaches aimed at improving the efficiency of heat treatment of agricultural materials are also considered. This includes both the improvement of existing technologies and the development of new methods that reduce energy costs, improve drying uniformity and maintain high product quality. The article highlights the prospects for the development of modern grain drying systems based on the principles of innovation and adaptation to changing climatic conditions.

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF CONSTANT TECHNOLOGICAL TRACK PARAMETERS ON THE SIZE OF UNPRODUCTIVE FIELD AREA

В. Т. Надикто — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The unproductive area of the field is a consequence and an integral element of the technologies for growing crops using a permanent technological track. Its value is formed by the area of tracks previously laid with a given step for the movement of running systems of machine-tractor units based on wheeled power tools along them. The object of theoretical research is the analytical dependence of the size of the unproductive area of the field from its length and width, as well as from the step of the permanent technological track and the width of its tracks. It has been established that with an increase in the value of the step of the constant technological track (parameter H), the unproductive area of the field progressively decreases. The highest intensity of this process occurs with an increase in the parameter H to 13…15 m. Based on such information, agricultural producers can determine the choice of the working width of the grip (and therefore the step of the constant technological track) of the used machine-tractor units. Changing the length and width of the field slightly affects the size of its unproductive area when growing agricultural crops using a constant technological track.

MODELING OF COMPUTER SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN THE EXTRUDER FEEDING DEVICE

О. А. Новохат, Д. І. Гончаренко — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The algorithm for creating a computer simulation that replicates the process of polymer melt formation in the extruder feeding device, particularly in a 3D printer, is presented. The configuration parameters in the Flow Simulation module of SOLIDWORKS software, as well as the boundary and initial conditions of the process, have been established. The simulation results are provided in the form of a visual representation of the temperature field distribution within the extruder feeding device and in the polymer flow. A graphical dependence illustrating temperature variations of the feeding device during heating and in the steady-state mode is described. Recommendations for the application of the developed computer simulation modeling algorithm are provided.

RESEARCH ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MILK FAT DISPERSION IN A PULSATION-TYPE HOMOGENIZER

Н. О. Паляничка, О. О. Червоткіна, О. О. Ковальов, В. Ф. Ялпачик — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This work is devoted to the study of the topic of milk fat dispersion by homogenization. The process of dispersion by homogenization is currently quite widespread, it is widely used in many industries, including food and processing.In the technological line of milk processing and dairy product production, the homogenization process is one of the most important, since dispersion affects the taste and sensory characteristics of the finished product. Valve-type homogenizers have become widespread in food industry enterprises, however, in today's conditions, their use is very inefficient and costly, since such homogenizers use a lot of electricity. The conducted analytical studies allowed us to establish a promising type of homogenizer – pulsating, which allows us to significantly reduce electricity consumption for the homogenization process, without losing the quality of the finished product.A study of the efficiency of milk fat dispersion in a pulsating milk homogenizer was conducted, which allowed us to establish the factors and forces that affect the quality of homogenization, which will subsequently allow us to regulate this technological process in production conditions. The conducted experimental studies showed that to obtain the maximum degree of homogenization Hm = 5 with minimal specific energy consumption Epit = 0.83 J/kg, it is necessary to create the following conditions: the amplitude of the piston-hammer oscillations is 10…12 mm, the oscillation frequency is 55…59 Hz and the milk supply in the pulsating homogenizer is 1800…2000 kg/h, which in turn indicates the efficiency of using the pulsating homogenizer in dairy processing lines.It was also established that the average diameter of milk fat globules is 0.80 μm. At the same time, the uniformity of the fractional composition after processing in the experimental homogenizer is no less than that of the reference valve homogenizer, which fully meets today's requirements.

RESEARCH ON THE ACCURACY OF CYLINDER MACHINING WITH A HARD ALLOY TOOL

С. В. Попов — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The accuracy of machining on metal-cutting equipment is one of the main indicators of its efficiency. It is crucial for ensuring the quality of finished products. In the conditions of modern mechanical engineering, an important stage is the transition from outdated models of metal-cutting machines to new technologies. For example, machining on machines with numerical software. Thus, new opportunities open up for increasing the accuracy of machining. This will reduce production costs and improve the competitiveness of products.One of the key tasks that must be solved within the framework of this transition is to ensure high machining accuracy, especially when boring holes with a carbide cutter in a cast-iron body part. The use of a carbide tool allows you to achieve better characteristics during turning. This will also have a positive effect on the accuracy of machining cast-iron products. Nevertheless, to achieve results, it is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis and control of the machining process.To assess the machining accuracy on a CNC machine tool, the cylinder dimensional parameter was measured. This allowed us to collect data on the accuracy of the hole boring and determine deviations from the specified dimensions.The impact of cutting tool wear is considered minimal, so it was not taken into account. Statistical processing of the measurement results helped to draw conclusions about the need for additional equipment adjustment.In addition, the results of the experiment allowed us to estimate the probable number of defects. They can occur during the machining process. Determining the causes of deviations and controlling machining accuracy are critically important for preventing the production of defective parts.Constant monitoring and analysis of machining accuracy is the key to the effective operation of modern metal- cutting equipment and improving the quality of production in general.

STUDYING THE OPERATION OF A SCREW PRESS EXTRUDER IN COMBINATION WITH A MULTI-SECTIONAL FUEL BRIQUETTE FORMING DEVICE

К. О. Самойчук, В. А. Самохвал — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The relevance of this study is due to the acute problems faced by most fuel briquette producers that use oilseed waste as a raw material. Currently, the world market offers a wide range of press equipment that operates efficiently when processing raw materials that do not contain oil or contain a small amount of oil (straw, reeds, wood waste).However, there is not a large number of industrial equipment capable of working with oil-containing feedstocks and providing good quality fuel briquettes that do not contain a central hole. The large time of pressing equipment does not allow to produce a quality product from this type of raw material without including additional equipment in the line. During pressing, the waste is exposed to high pressure, which is accompanied by an increase in temperature. It is this thermal effect that promotes the active release of lignin, which, hardening after cooling, ensures the strength of the finished product. As a result, the briquettes have high mechanical strength, which makes them resistant to external influences, and the dense surface structure of the briquettes reduces their hygroscopicity and facilitates convenient transportation and long-term storage. Our research is aimed at solving the problem of reducing the percentage of oils in the finished product and increasing the time of stay of raw materials in a compressed state due to the number of sections of the fuel briquette forming device. One of the goals of the work is to improve the quality of the finished product and increase the service life of the press equipment. After analyzing the operation of the existing press equipment and its shortcomings, it was decided to develop a wicker screw press extruder paired with an extended final molding device with the ability to dose oils at the briquette formation stage.

DEVELOPMENT OF DRINKING CREAM PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY USING STREAM AND PULSATION HOMOGENIZERS

С. В. Кюрчев, К. О. Самойчук — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

To increase the energy efficiency of production processes for the production of drinking cream, it is necessary to solve the issue of significant energy costs for homogenization. For this purpose, the use of energy-saving stream and pulsation homogenizers is proposed. However, before their implementation at enterprises, it is important to adjust the existing technological scheme for the production of cream and experimentally confirm its effectiveness. The main task of this work is to develop an updated technology for the production of drinking cream using stream and pulsation homogenizers. To achieve this goal, the work defines the procedure for performing technological operations in the production of drinking cream using the proposed homogenizers, and also establishes the corresponding operating parameters of these processes. The main stages of the technological scheme for the production of drinking cream include: quality control of raw materials, milk reception, cooling, storage, cleaning, homogenization, pasteurization, further cooling, control of finished products, packaging, labeling and storage. Batches of drinking cream were manufactured in accordance with the developed technological schemes and checked for compliance of their characteristics with current state standards. Dairy products were produced using the latest homogenizers.According to the results of research conducted in the Department of Analytical Control and Quality Assessment of Food Products of the Institute of Food Resources of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, it had been established that the organoleptic characteristics, such as appearance, consistency, taste, smell and color, of the obtained drinking cream fully comply with regulatory requirements. The tests did not reveal bacteria and microorganisms, the presence of which is not allowed by current standards. Special attention was paid to the stability of milk fat content, the normalization of which was carried out using a stream homogenizer. Deviations of this indicator did not exceed ±0.17–0.1%, which indicates high accuracy of normalization. Thus, drinking cream obtained using this technology fully comply with current regulatory requirements and can be recommended for industrial production.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OPTIMIZATION OF BIOGAS PLANTS

О. Г. Скляр, Р. В. Скляр, А. С. Комар, В. Д. Акулов — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article discusses the current state of biogas production and use in Ukraine, with a focus on the prospects for optimizing biogas plants and efficient utilization of poultry waste. The main technological aspects of improving the operation of biogas complexes are analyzed, including the introduction of highly efficient biogas treatment systems, optimization of fermentation processes, and the use of digital technologies for plant management. Particular attention is paid to the use of poultry waste as a promising raw material for biogas plants, which reduces the environmental burden and increases the economic efficiency of bioenergy projects. Comprehensive ways to increase the productivity of biogas plants are proposed, including the use of multi-stage gas purification, improvement of organic waste processing systems, and the use of innovative materials for biofilters. Comprehensive optimization of biogas plants in Ukraine, including process improvement, equipment modernization, automation and development of the regulatory framework, is a key condition for improving biogas quality and reducing energy costs. Particular attention should be paid to efficient technologies for the utilization of poultry waste, as poultry manure is a promising feedstock for biogas production. The development of optimal fermentation regimes for poultry waste, the use of cofermentation, the modernization of heat recovery systems and the introduction of modern control methods will significantly increase the methane yield and economic efficiency of biogas plants. The successful integration of these measures will contribute to Ukraine’s energy independence, reduce negative environmental impacts, and open up new market opportunities in the global renewable energy market.

ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS OF VIBRATIONAL GRAIN DISPLACEMENT IN GRAIN MATERIAL SEPARATION PROCESSES

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Improvement of the technological process of grain material preparation and technical devices based on generalization of existing mathematical models of vibration separation processes is an urgent task. The aim of the research is to build a mathematical model for a special case of vibration movement of a grain in separation processes, taking into account the longitudinal movement of the grain material. The study was carried out using mathematical modeling methods, based on a formalized description in the form of differential equations of the unsteady process of separating grain materials on the vibrating surface of the separator, taking into account the longitudinal movement.As a result of the studies, a mathematical description of the process of vibration movement of a grain in the processes of separating grain materials on the oscillating surface of the separator was formed, taking into account the longitudinal movement of the grain in the form of a mathematical model to determine the distribution of material movement trajectories along the length of the bearing surface. The obtained research results indicate the complexity of mathematical modeling of grain separation processes and the lack of a general approach to solving the problems of interaction of solids of limited dimensions with a rough surface and with each other. Despite this, some works are devoted to the analysis of various modes of particle motion, such as sliding without rolling, rolling without sliding, and their combination. For further development of research, it is necessary to improve mathematical models and expand the analysis of particle motion modes to take into account a wider range of scenarios. It is promising to study the interaction of solids of limited size with a rough surface, taking into account different body shapes and different types of surface vibrations, which will allow better matching of theoretical results with experimental data.

GRANULATION OF SECONDARY PROCESSING PRODUCTS

О. О. Червоткіна, О. П. Прокопенко, Н. О. Паляничка — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

By-products are product masses that are formed directly during the processing and processing of the main product.Granulation of plant waste has particular advantages during storage and transportation of this otherwise rather bulky material, which is a source of nutrients in animal feed. Sugar beet residues can also be produced into pellets. They are characterized by high nutritional value, which makes them an ideal additive in the production of concentrated compound feed. The general concept of “bran” includes all the shells of grains that are formed, for example, during the grinding of grain to obtain flour. Cereal bran mostly has a high fiber content, so it is excellent for both human and animal nutrition. Granulation gives the bran a higher bulk density, which allows for more accurate dosing of the product. Oilcake is formed during the processing and refining of oilseeds such as soybeans and rapeseed. It is an important component in the production of compound feed, as it contains many nutrients, that have a positive effect on animal health.

MECHATRONIC COMPLEX FOR FEED PRODUCTION: AUTOMATION, EFFICIENCY, INNOVATIONS

С. С. Швець, В. С. Калина — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In the context of modern agricultural production, the issue of providing animals with high-quality feeds is extremely relevant, as it directly affects animal productivity and health. An important component of the feed base is compound feeds, which are produced from various types of plant raw materials, particularly from corn cobs, which are affordable and efficient resources for feed production. The use of biologically active additives significantly improves the nutritional value of feeds, their digestibility, and ensures better conditions for animal development.These additives help increase the efficiency of feed utilization, reducing feeding costs and providing animals with the necessary nutrients for optimal growth and development.An essential condition for improving the production of compound feeds is the implementation of new approaches to their production. In this context, the development and application of mechatronic systems and automated technologies allows for high efficiency, reduced energy consumption, and improved product quality. Mechatronic complexes automate the processes of compound feed production, which helps reduce production time, improve the accuracy of ingredient dosing, and ensure consistent feed quality.This paper focuses on the study of production processes for compound feed made from corn cobs with the addition of biologically active additives to improve feed quality. Special attention is given to the development of a mechatronic complex to automate the production process. The paper includes theoretical studies on the impact of biologically active additives on the nutritional value of compound feeds, as well as practical solutions for implementing automated complexes in feed production. This will significantly increase productivity, efficiency, and ecological safety in the feed production process.

DIAGNOSTICS OF ELECTRIFIED WORKING MACHINES IN OPERATING CONDITIONS

О. Ю. Вовк — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The work considers the control of the functional state of electrified working machines, which are driven by asynchronous motors. It is shown that they are the most widespread due to the high structural reliability of the drive electric motors. However, in practice, many cases of their failure are observed due to the presence of certain operational influences that are difficult to predict during design. One of the ways to correct this situation is to use periodic diagnostics of these working machines. Analysis of existing diagnostic methods revealed their imperfection, which complicates the application of these methods in production operation. Therefore, the paper substantiates rational diagnostic parameters relative power losses in the asynchronous motor and the mechanical part of the working machine, changes in which are caused by their malfunctions. These parameters allow assessing the functional state of the specified elements of the working machine during its periodic control under operating conditions. It is proposed to determine the specified diagnostic parameters using idling and short-circuit experiments.For the drive electric motor, both experiments are conducted, for the mechanical part of the working machine an idle test. The work proposes an original method for conducting the specified experiments, which allows you to get rid of the voltage regulator and the device for braking the rotor. The method of calculating diagnostic parameters based on the results of the specified experiments makes it possible not to perform graphical constructions of the characteristics of the electric motor. The work consists of block diagrams for detecting faults in the drive electric motor and the mechanical part of the working machine. Using the specified diagnostic parameters, the method of their determination and the block diagram for detecting faults, a method for diagnosing working machines with an electric drive based on asynchronous motors has been developed. Its technical implementation, in comparison with existing methods, is simpler and does not require specific equipment and significant calculations. Experimental verification of this diagnostic method has shown its ability to detect the most common faults in working machines.The disadvantage of the method is that it can be used only for asynchronous motors with six output terminals.

BALANCING THE LOAD SCHEDULE OF RURAL COMMUNAL CONSUMERS WITH THE USE OF SOLAR PANELS AND ENERGY STORAGE

С. В. Галько, О. В. Сотнік, О. О. Мірошник, О. В. Сотнік, Д. М. Зеленков — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The paper analyzes changes in the daily schedule of electrical loads of the 10/0.4 kVA transformer substation line with a capacity of 100 kVA in the Kharkiv region, which supplies rural residential buildings in winter and summer.To smooth out load peaks and optimize energy consumption, the efficiency of energy storage devices was calculated to determine the possibilities of their use. An analysis of daily energy consumption in twenty private houses was carried out, including the calculation and assessment of the energy required to ensure the operation of household electrical appliances for 24 hours. Based on the data obtained, daily load graphs were built, reflecting changes in energy consumption during the day. A method for balancing load schedules using a solar panel and energy storage is proposed. This method allows you to increase the efficiency of such electrical networks.The daily change in electrical loads of the 10/0.4 kV transformer substation line to provide electricity to 20 houses using solar generation and batteries to equalize the load schedule in the summer season showed the efficiency of using electrical energy storage devices, namely in the morning and in the evening, during peak electrical loads, it was possible to reduce their level by almost 40%.Daily shifts in the electrical line of the 10/0.4 kV transformer substation to power 20 houses using solar generation and batteries in winter showed insufficient electricity production by solar panels to reduce uneven schedules. The maximum electrical load in the winter season during the studies was 52.4 kW, and the average load in the winter season exceeded the average load in the summer season by 26.2%. In the winter season, it is recommended to charge batteries from the mains during low electrical loads to reduce the unevenness of the electrical load schedule.

DEVELOPMENT OF A HYBRID THERMAL PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR COLLECTOR AND ANALYSIS OF ITS EFFICIENCY

С. Й. Мисак, С. П. Шаповал — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This paper investigates the efficiency of hybrid thermal photovoltaic solar collectors (HTPSC), which integrate the functions of thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic panels to maximize the conversion of solar energy into thermal and electrical forms. The study aims to develop optimal design and technological solutions that enhance energy absorption and minimize thermal losses. Experimental research focuses on evaluating the impact of key operational parameters, including the tilt angle of the HTPSC, the specific mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid, and the azimuthal deviation angle, on the system’s thermal and electrical performance.The study analyzes the influence of solar radiation intensity on the efficiency of HTPSC, measuring variations in thermal and electrical energy conversion under different conditions. The results show that adjusting the tilt angle and optimizing the heat transfer process significantly improve energy utilization. Additionally, the integration of advanced heat exchange materials and solar concentrators has been tested to enhance overall system performance. The findings indicate that solar radiation intensity is a dominant factor affecting both thermal and electrical efficiency, while the azimuthal deviation of the collector normal to the local meridian significantly influences energy conversion rates.Experimental data demonstrate that increasing the azimuthal deviation angle improves energy efficiency, whereas changes in the specific mass flow rate have a negligible effect. The study also confirms that hybrid solar collectors can effectively reduce dependency on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the share of renewable energy sources in modern energy systems. The results contribute to the advancement of solar energy applications, supporting the integration of high-efficiency hybrid systems in sustainable energy infrastructure.By implementing optimized HTPSC configurations, energy systems can achieve greater adaptability to seasonal variations in solar radiation, ensuring stable power and heat generation. These findings reinforce the strategic importance of hybrid solar collector development in the transition toward eco-friendly and energy-efficient technologies, offering practical solutions for modern energy-efficient buildings and sustainable energy management.

THE EFFECT OF TOXIC AND HARMFUL EMISSIONS OF EXHAUST GASES FROM AVIATION ENGINES ON THE ENVIRONMENT

T. Shchur, K. Wittek, O. Miroshnyk, S. Halko, D. Zelenkov — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The rapid growth of aviation makes a realistic assessment of harmful emissions crucial. The growing demand for air transportation is leading to an increase in aircraft production, which significantly affects the environment. The priority of modern aviation technology is to reduce noise, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, especially carbon dioxide and particulate matter. Modern research is focused on finding environmentally friendly solutions to reduce the negative effects of aircraft operation. The introduction of modern technologies and more efficient combustion systems is key to the sustainability of air transport and environmental protection.

USING PROCEDURAL GENERATION TO ENHANCE THE EFFICIENCY OF DEVELOPMENT AND PERSONALIZATION OF SOFTWARE INTERFACES

Д. В. Букатов, Я. О. Колодінська, О. І. Романенко, Д. О. Гудаков — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The use of procedural generation for the creation and adaptation of user interfaces in modern IT projects has been examined by the author. Special attention has been paid to the analysis of tools and approaches that allow automating the development of individual UI components (such as buttons, panels, cards, etc.) using parameterized expressions, scripting languages, node-based systems, domain-specific languages, or AI-driven solutions. Technologies such as SeExpr, Node-RED, Unreal Engine Blueprints, Framer, as well as AI-assisted services increasingly used for generating varied and personalized interfaces, have been reviewed.The relevance of applying procedural methods in projects with high demands for adaptability, rapid development, and component reusability has been substantiated. The article highlights the advantages of such approaches–reduced workload for designers and developers, consistent visual style, and scalability across multi-platform environments.Examples of procedural logic implementation in practical contexts (such as Unity, Web environments, and IoT dashboards) are described, along with a comparative analysis of tools based on their flexibility, workflow integration, and customization potential.The findings of the study indicate the growing role of procedural generation as a means of improving UI development efficiency in the context of highly variable user scenarios and accelerated design iterations. The author proposes a classification of tools and offers recommendations on selecting appropriate solutions, providing a practical foundation for implementation in teams with diverse technical backgrounds. Future perspectives are also outlined, including the integration of procedural logic into Low-Code/No-Code platforms and the application of adaptive generation systems based on user data.

SIMULATION MODELING OF LOGISTICS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

О. Г. Зінов’єва, С. В. Шаров — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Simulation modeling allows for effective analysis and optimization of logistics processes in the agricultural sector. The article describes a model that allows for the assessment of the impact of various factors on the efficiency of the system, including equipment productivity, warehouse capacity, and the state of transport infrastructure.The modeling results can be used to make informed management decisions aimed at minimizing crop losses and increasing the efficiency of the entire supply chain. Further research can be aimed at improving the model, including additional factors (for example, weather conditions) and validating the model based on real data.The article is devoted to the application of simulation modeling for the analysis and optimization of logistics processes and supply chain management in the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector is characterized by a high degree of uncertainty associated with climatic conditions, yield fluctuations, seasonality of demand, and other factors, which significantly complicates planning and decision-making. Traditional optimization methods often prove to be insufficiently effective in conditions of such uncertainty. Simulation modeling overcomes these limitations by providing a tool for analyzing complex systems and assessing the impact of various factors on the efficiency of an agricultural enterprise.

ALGORITHM FOR IMPROVING USER INTERACTION IN MOBILE GAMES THROUGH ADAPTIVE GAME RESTART

А. A. Клєпцов, В. А. Гусєва-Божаткіна — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The growing number of games on the market raises user expectations. Ten to twenty years ago, players tolerated flaws, bugs, or instability. Today, such issues often lead to uninstalls and poor app store reviews, as alternatives are easy to find. Although many bugs are addressed during development through collaboration with QA specialists, it’s impossible to catch them all. Especially in large projects, millions of different interaction combinations can lead to instability, malfunction of core mechanics, or even app crashes. Additional tools known as Crashlytics were developed and integrated directly into games to address such issues. These tools enable developers to monitor errors in the game’s code in real time, encountered by real users. This allows developers to address recurring problems and fix them promptly. At the same time, crashlytics is not a magic pill for success. The user experience (UX) of encountering errors in a game is generally negative. Users are often asked to send a screenshot, to describe their actions when the error occurred, and so on. In practice, very few users engage in such activities.This article proposes an alternative approach to user interaction with in-game errors, developed for the Unity engine.The proposed solution includes an algorithm for saving the game state, simulating a loading process – also referred to as a “connection loss” – and seamlessly returning the player to the point where the logical error occurred. This way, most players will not even realize that something went wrong in the game and may attribute the interruption to a poor internet connection or the need to load additional game content.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DATABASE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY FOR CREATING A DIGITAL PORTAL FOR FARM HOLDINGS

Д. В. Лубко — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Many farms face many problems when selling their products. Here are the main ones: low product prices; lack of access to markets; transportation costs and logistics; seasonality and storage of products; price instability; administrative and legal barriers; lack of knowledge of modern marketing tools; insufficient support from the state; All these problems are interrelated and require a comprehensive approach to solving them, including through infrastructure development, new technologies, improved logistics, and government support.Note: A farm is an enterprise that carries out agricultural activities based on the use of land and other natural resources for the production of agricultural products. It can be small, medium or large in size, and is usually focused on producing products for its own consumption and/or sale.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF PROCESSING LARGE TABULAR DATA: EXCEL/VBA VS PYTHON

Ю. О. Сіциліцин, М. В. Шлофаст — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article presents a comparative analysis of the efficiency of processing large tabular data using Excel/ VBA and Python. The study is based on an experimental simulation of processing 500,000 queries that mimic real-world information system scenarios. Key parameters examined include execution time, performance, memory consumption, scalability, and code maintainability. The experimental results demonstrate that the Python solution can process data in 13.55 seconds with a memory consumption of 120–150 MB, whereas Excel/VBA requires 188 seconds and uses 250–300 MB. The data obtained indicate significant advantages of modern technologies that contribute to the optimization of information processing systems and enhance the efficiency of operational processes in real time. The findings of this study can be used for the development of innovative information platforms that meet high performance and scalability requirements, ensuring the stable operation of analytical centers and enterprises in today’s competitive environment.

ANALYTICAL AND SIMULATION MODELING OF A QUEUING SYSTEM BASED ON THE CASE OF A COMPUTER TECHNICAL SUPPORT SERVICE CENTER

О. В. Скляренко, Г. М. Терещук, О. Ю. Ніколаєвський, О. А. Скляренко — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article examines the impact of analytical and simulation modeling on the operational efficiency of computer technical support service centers under the conditions of increasing demand for IT services and the growing complexity of queuing system (QS) structures. The relevance of applying mathematical methods to optimize the structure of automated service systems is discussed, particularly with the aim of reducing waiting times, increasing the probability of immediate request processing, and minimizing rejection rates.The study proposes a combination of analytical and simulation modeling approaches, enabling a comprehensive analysis of QS performance using M|M|1 models and stochastic Petri nets. This integrated approach ensures high- precision workload forecasting, identification of system bottlenecks, formation of an optimal service structure, and data-driven decision-making.The article outlines the request handling mechanisms within a service center, which include three stages: registration, diagnostics, and repair, taking into account the possibility of stream thinning at each phase. The use of modeling for identifying critical system parameters and evaluating performance is demonstrated.Particular attention is paid to the practical significance of modeling, namely its ability to enhance service reliability and performance, as well as adapt to variable conditions and unstable incoming requests. The findings can be applied to improve service quality in support centers and to implement innovative management approaches in the IT support.The integration of these modeling techniques facilitates the analysis of resource allocation scenarios and their impact on service continuity. The approach allows for stress testing of system capacity under peak loads, offering valuable insights for contingency planning. Simulation experiments based on real-time parameters enable a more accurate depiction of dynamic behavior within queuing environments. This ensures that management strategies are not only theoretically sound but also practically feasible and responsive to real-world challenges.

PUBLIC WI-FI NETWORKS: PROTECTING PERSONAL INFORMATION IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL CONVENIENCE

Р. О. Яровий, А. В. Подвиженко, А. М. Переверзєв, С. В. Левченко — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The modern world is characterized by relentless growth in mobility and the need for constant access to information, making public Wi-Fi networks an integral part of the daily lives of millions. Cafes, airports, hotels, public transport, and city squares offer convenient internet access, fostering productivity, communication, and entertainment. However, this digital convenience carries significant risks to personal information security. Public networks, often inadequately secured or entirely open, become an attractive field for cybercriminals. This article provides a detailed analysis of the main threats faced by users of public Wi-Fi: interception of unencrypted data (sniffing), Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks, the creation of fake access points (“Evil Twin”), malware distribution, and phishing. It examines the potential consequences of such attacks, including the theft of credentials (logins, passwords), financial information (bank card numbers, online banking data), personal correspondence, compromise of corporate data, and reputational damage. Emphasis is placed on the lack of awareness among many users regarding these risks and their tendency to neglect basic security rules for the sake of convenience.The article offers a comprehensive overview of both traditional and the latest methods for protecting personal data when using public Wi-Fi. Classic recommendations include: mandatory use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to encrypt all traffic; verifying network authenticity before connecting; preferring websites that use the HTTPS protocol; disabling the automatic Wi-Fi connection feature; timely updating of operating systems and software; using reliable antivirus software and firewalls; disabling file and printer sharing. Special attention is paid to the latest technologies and approaches that enhance security levels: the WPA3 standard, which offers individualized data encryption even on open networks (via OWE – Opportunistic Wireless Encryption) and improved protection against password guessing attacks; DNS query encryption technologies (DNS over HTTPS – DoH, DNS over TLS – DoT), which prevent the interception of information about visited sites; modern Endpoint Security solutions that include proactive protection and behavioral analysis; application of Zero Trust principles, requiring constant authentication and verification even within familiar networks. The importance of a combined approach, integrating technological protection means and conscious user behavior, is underscored. The article is intended for a wide audience: from ordinary users seeking to secure their data to cybersecurity specialists and network administrators responsible for configuring and maintaining public access points.

INFLUENCE OF MODERN FORMATS OF RESTAURANT INDUSTRY ESTABLISHMENTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR OWN PRODUCTION

С. С. Андрєєва, Є. П. Пивоваров, М. Б. Колеснікова, А. М. Дихтярь — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article contains an analysis of the current formats of mortgages in the restaurant industry, as well as an alignment of the formats of European countries with Ukrainian mortgages, based on DSTU 4281:2004. The analysis revealed that the assets of the restaurant industry are divided into formats; “Fine dining” or “Luxury”; “Casual dining” and “Quick Service Restaurant”. An analysis was carried out regarding the type of menu, from the concept of a suitable format. In the course of experimental research, the technology of puree soups for filling in the “Fast food” format was developed using the easy-flowing modified starch “Nistatyl CH 31105”. It was found that starch “Nistatyl CH 31105” has a reduced viscosity during brewing and does not thicken during cooling. Such power of starch is optimal for rare puree-like soups. The article presents equipment that is optimal for the production of pureed soups and also dishes for storing the “Fast food” format.

QUALITY AND SAFETY OF MAYONNAISE BASED ON BLENDED OIL, EGGPLAN POWDER AND GUM ARABIC

А. В. Антоненко, Л. В. Баль-Прилипко — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The paper theoretically and experimentally substantiates the feasibility of using gum arabic, eggplant powder, and blended oil to develop mayonnaise technology, and also creates recipes for different versions of this sauce. The results of organoleptic analysis showed that the use of gum arabic, eggplant powder and blended oil has a positive effect on the organoleptic properties of mayonnaise. The consistency, appearance, color and aroma of all samples received positive ratings, and the mayonnaise sample with 50% blended oil (M2) received the highest rating (5 points). The study of the fatty acid composition of lipids demonstrated that the mayonnaise sample (M3) has the highest results in terms of the content of fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 groups. However, the ratio of fatty acids in the sample (M3) is 1:7/1:9, which is not optimal. The best ratio of fatty acids, which is 1:4, is characterized by the mayonnaise sample (M2). The analysis of the fatty acid composition also confirmed the functionality of all mayonnaise samples. It was determined that all developed samples based on blended oil meet the standards for structure (viscosity and emulsion stability) and quality (pH, acid and peroxide values), which indicate the resistance of the product to mechanical stress and stability during storage. It was found that the microbiological indicators of the control sample and experimental samples, in which the oil-fat fraction was partially or completely replaced with blended oil, during 28 days of storage show that the conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microflora are within the permissible values. The number of bacteria of the Staphylococcus aureus group in the control and experimental samples remained constant at 2.7 × 10² throughout the entire storage period. The results obtained indicate the possibility of substantiating the technology of mayonnaise based on gum arabic, eggplant powder and blended oil with increased biological value.

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT FOR CULINARY EXPERIMENTS IN MOLECULAR GASTRONOMY

С. П. Боковець, О. Кошель — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article reviews modern specialized equipment used in molecular gastronomy, including rotary evaporators, sous vide devices, foaming siphons, ultrasonic homogenizers, and cryogenic cooling. The principles of their operation, functionality, and impact on the physical and chemical properties of food are analyzed.A review of scientific research has shown that the introduction of these technologies allows to expand culinary possibilities, ensure consistent quality of dishes and promote the integration of molecular gastronomy into traditional restaurant formats. The obtained results confirm the prospects for further development of this industry and its importance for the innovative restaurant industry.

INNOVATIVE EQUIPMENT FOR SMALL BREWERIES AS A FACTOR FOR INCREASING PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY

С. П. Боковець, Т. І. Маренкова — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article discusses the impact of innovative technological equipment on increasing production efficiency in small breweries. Particular attention is paid to modular systems, such as Micro Cube and Combi Cube, which allow to optimize the processes of preparation and fermentation of beer wort, as well as provide high flexibility and compactness in operation.The advantages of using advanced technologies compared to traditional brewing methods are identified, in particular in the context of reducing energy consumption, improving product quality and reducing costs. The article also takes into account the introduction of automated control systems that ensure the stability of production processes.The assessment of modern equipment available on the market enables small breweries to achieve high results with innovative solutions without significant investments in large-scale production.

IMPACT OF THE WAR ON THE DAIRY INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE

Н. В. Болгова, Б. Ю. Луханін — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The dairy industry plays a vital role in the global food system, offering a wide range of dairy products consumed by millions of people worldwide. To produce high-quality and safe dairy products, it is necessary to adhere to a set of preventive sanitary and hygienic measures, starting from the process of milk production, collection, transportation and ending with processing and sale. However, it is unknown how military operations in Ukraine affect the production of dairy products and the quality and safety of raw milk. At the beginning of the full-scale invasion, Ukraine's dairy industry suffered severe losses. Before the war, 42% of all milk was produced in the regions that suffered the most shelling and occupation by the Russians. In 2022, during martial law, the number of cows decreased by more than 191 thousand heads or 12.4%. This trend continued in 2023. In addition, official statistics recorded a decrease in cow productivity due to animal shock from explosions and other health problems. In addition to the shortage of raw materials, the industry is experiencing a shortage of personnel. Some workers went to war, some went abroad, and accordingly, the shortage of personnel continues to grow. To stabilize the situation, the industry must be supported by the state. Special attention is required for environmental problems, which become even more relevant during the war. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on milk production. To solve the set goal, the following tasks must be performed: explore the features of milk production in war conditions in Ukraine and analyze what indicators affect the quality of dairy products. The Ukrainian dairy industry has proven its resilience and adaptability in the face of extraordinary challenges. Today, growth occurs only due to increased livestock productivity, and the number of cows in the industrial sector continues to decrease. In 2024, 200,748 tons more raw milk was received for processing. The amount of milk obtained from the population declined by 23.3%. As a result, the extra and premium milk share increased, and its quality indicators improved. The industry may become the most attractive for investment in the short term, provided that safe raw materials are produced. Even though military operations in the country have been ongoing for more than 10 years, no studies have been found related to establishing the impact of military aggression on the safety of agricultural products produced in the territories of regions where hostilities are taking place. The issue of a comprehensive approach to studying the impact of war on the safety of raw materials for manufacturing food products remains unresolved.

IMPACT OF STANDARDIZATION ON PRODUCTION AND EXPORT RAPESEED AND PRODUCTS OF ITS PROCESSING

А. П. Драган, В. І. Карась — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article analyzes the main problems that arise during the standardization of rapeseed production and processing processes. Attention is paid to compliance with the requirements of the standards for the basic quality indicators of rapeseed and their influence on its export possibilities is investigated. In the publication special attention is paid to the wide range of uses of both rapeseed and its derivatives, namely rapeseed honey, rapeseed oil, cake, meal, glycerin, rapeseed flour and other production products. The article examines the relationship between the process of standardization in the field of rapeseed production and processing, and its impact on the development of the market of rapeseed products in Ukraine and the world. He in fluence of the harmonization of national standards with international regulatory documents on the growth of exports of rapeseed, rapeseed meal and rapeseed oil is analyzed.

FORMATION OF CHERRY PRODUCTION VOLUMES UNDER THE ACTION OF ABIOTIC FACTORS

І. Є. Іванова, І. А. Кривонос, С. В. Басанець, Я. І. Пендрак — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Sour cherry is one of the most popular crops among the population of Ukraine. The crop has such qualities as early maturity and unpretentiousness to weather parameters. In the context of aridisation and desertification of the southern territories of the country, there is a need to study the viticultural and technological indicators and yield of the crop. Taking into account the above, the purpose of the experimental studies was to investigate the influence of climatic factors on sour cherry yield in the southern steppe zone of Ukraine and to create a mathematical model of the dependencies of the two parameters.The study of the effect of abiotic factors in Zaporizhzhia region on sour cherry yield was conducted from 2007 to 2019. Ten weather factors have a significant impact on sour cherry yields, as evidenced by the results of the correlation analysis r = 0.68…–0.86. The obtained model demonstrates the influence of hydrothermal factors on the yield of the studied crop. The results of the correlation analysis allowed us to obtain paired correlation coefficients and, using the VIF indicator, we identified the effect of multicollinearity. Using the LASSO method, we obtained reliable estimates of the regression parameters and analysed the weather factors that affect sour cherry yields.The most significant temperature weather parameters during the flowering period, the difference between air temperatures, the average of the maximum air temperatures, the sum of active temperatures, the hydrothermal coefficient; during the growing season, the sum of active temperatures (up to the fruit ripening phase). The most significant humidity parameters were identified: average monthly precipitation in August, absolute minimum relative humidity in May, and during the flowering period – the amount of precipitation and the total number of days with precipitation.

USE OF JUICES IN OMELET PREPARATION TECHNOLOGY

С. Л. Колесніченко, М. А. Кашкано — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The purpose of the research was to develop a recipe and technology for preparing omelets using blue cabbage juice and pitahaya juice as recipe components. The article presents the results of a study of organoleptic indicators. Analysis of the taste qualities of the developed omelets showed that adding juices gives the finished products more splendor, juiciness, somewhat reduces the egg flavor and adds a touch of the taste of the raw material from which the juice was obtained. The organoleptic properties of the developed omelets were at a high level.The energy value of omelets was calculated taking into account the mass of one Serving – 250 grams. The calculated data on the biological value of chicken eggs per serving of omelet are given. The biological value is due to the presence of essential amino acids, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals in their composition. The developed dishes are recommended for introduction into restaurant establishments for consumption by wide segments of the population.

FEATURES OF BISCUIT TECHNOLOGY USING GREEN BUCKWHEAT FLOUR

О. Ю. Кошель, В. І. Пономаренко — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article examines the prospects of using green buckwheat flour in the production of biscuit semi-finished products as an alternative to traditional wheat flour. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of green buckwheat flour on the quality indicators of biscuits. A new recipe for biscuit semi-finished products was developed with the complete replacement of wheat flour with green buckwheat flour. A technological scheme for the production of biscuit semi-finished products using green buckwheat flour was created. The organoleptic characteristics of the baked semi-finished product were determined. The obtained results indicate the feasibility of using green buckwheat flour for the production of biscuit semi-finished products, as the baked products have good organoleptic properties, retain their fluffiness, and have a natural color, making them attractive to consumers.

NEED FOR INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO CREATING DEHYDRATED PRODUCTS WITH EXTENDED SHELF LIFE FOR HUMANITARIAN PURPOSES

М. О. Семенов, Л. М. Кюрчева — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article addresses the need for innovative approaches to developing dehydrated products with extended shelf life to meet humanitarian demands in crisis conditions. The relevance of the topic is substantiated in the context of food security challenges, particularly in Ukraine since 2022 due to the ongoing war. The shortcomings of traditional dehydration methods (convective and solar drying) and the advantages of modern technologies, such as freeze-drying and vacuum dehydration, are analyzed. The scientific novelty lies in identifying key directions for improving technologies to minimize nutrient losses and ensure a shelf life of 5–10 years. The practical value of the study is in providing recommendations for creating products suitable for humanitarian aid, national reserves, and field conditions. The conclusions emphasize the necessity of integrating energy-efficient solutions and local raw materials for scaling production. Future research prospects include the development of hybrid methods and cost reduction strategies.

IMPROVEMENT OF STRONG BEVERAGES TECHNOLOGY FROM FRUIT DISTILLATES

О. І. Мамай, Т. О. Кузьміна, Т. О. Яковенко, М. І. Валько, Ю. В. Березовський — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The technology of strong drinks has been improved, which allows obtaining a high-quality product from apples grown in Ukraine. The most suitable apple varieties for the production of cider materials have been established.These are the fruits of autumn and winter apple varieties Prima, Scythian Gold, Gala, Golden Delicious, Katerina, Askolda, entered in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. It is advisable to use not individual varieties, but variety mixtures to adjust the sugar content and titrated acids.Yeast strains that have a high ability to ferment sugar at low fermentation temperatures and in a nitrogen-depleted environment have been selected. When preparing cider materials intended for the production of alcohols, fermentation is recommended to be carried out at a low temperature, which allows obtaining very high-quality materials, since at low temperatures there is a greater accumulation and preservation of aromatic substances. A mineral and vitamin supplement has been proposed that contributes to a more complete use of carbohydrates in apple raw materials.When storing cider materials even for 2 months in sealed containers in the cold, losses of esters occur, including components of enanthate ester. Since sulfitation of wine materials sent for distillation is not allowed, their storage is associated with certain difficulties. Therefore, production must be organized in such a way that the resulting wine material is sent for distillation without clarification.During the distillation of cider material, a high yield of alcohol was obtained in the obtained fractions, relative to that present in the cider material. The obtained fruit alcohol has high organoleptic characteristics, and in terms of physicochemical characteristics it meets the requirements of the standard.Based on the conducted research, a technological and instrumental-technological scheme for the production of fruit distillates was developed. The aged Calvados distillate meets the requirements in terms of physicochemical characteristics and has a pronounced natural apple taste and aroma.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE FORMULATION COMPOSITION OF A WHIPPED BISCUIT SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCT WITH THE ADDITION OF CRICKET FLOUR AND SUGAR SUBSTITUTES

О. Г. Середа, А. О. Геліх, О. А. Воронін — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The paper investigates optimizing the recipe composition of the whipped biscuit semi-finished product “Protein Improved” to improve its nutritional value. An orthogonal central compositional experimental design with four factors was used: the content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and organoleptic characteristics. The effect of replacing traditional components with cricket flour, erythritol, and fructose was studied. Mathematical modelling was conducted, a 3D optimization model was built, and the optimal recipe composition with a nutrient ratio of 1:1:4.1 and high organoleptic indicators was determined.

APPLICATION OF INFRARED HEATING TO IMPROVE THE TASTE OF LEGUMES

Є. В. Чебаненко, О. Ю. Мельник — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Pulses, such as peas, beans, lentils and chickpeas, are important in modern agriculture and food industry due to their rich nutritional composition, including high levels of vegetable protein, dietary fiber, B vitamins, iron, magnesium and other trace elements. They are a valuable component of the diet, especially in regions where meat is consumed in limited quantities. However, despite their high nutritional value, pulses often face a number of challenges, such as long cooking times, hard texture, specific flavor and the presence of anti-nutrients, which can affect their popularity among consumers.In light of the current challenges in the food industry, there is a growing interest in innovative processing technologies that can preserve or even improve the nutritional and flavor qualities of products. One of these technologies is infrared heating (IRH), which is based on the use of heat waves to ensure uniform heating of food with minimal heat loss. This technology shows significant potential in reducing cooking time, reducing nutrient loss, and improving the texture and flavor of processed pulses.The purpose of this review is to comprehensively examine the available research on the use of infrared heating for pulses, assess its impact on their flavor and functional properties, and analyze the opportunities and limitations of using this technology at the industrial level. A literature review has shown that the use of infrared heating can significantly improve the taste of pulses, reduce the level of anti-nutrients such as phytates and tannins, and improve the hydration properties and emulsifying ability of pulses.In particular, studies show that the treatment of pulses with IPN increases their nutritional value, preserves proteins and improves functional properties, such as solubility and emulsion stability. In addition, the reduction of anti-nutrients contributes to a better absorption of nutrients, making pulses more attractive to consumers seeking a healthier diet.Infrared heating also has significant potential to reduce energy consumption and ensure cost efficiency in the production process, making it an attractive technology for industrial implementation. At the same time, given the growing popularity of plant-based foods, improving the flavor of processed pulses can help increase their consumption among different consumer groups.Thus, infrared heating is a promising direction in the processing of legumes, which can significantly increase their nutritional value, improve their taste and functional characteristics, and ensure economic efficiency of production.Further research should focus on optimizing technological parameters, studying the impact on different varieties of pulses, as well as on studying consumer preferences and implementing this technology in industrial processes.

IMPROVEMENT OF RED FORTIFIED DESSERT WINES TECHNOLOGY

Т. О. Яковенко, О. І. Мамай, М. І. Валько, О. В. Стоянова, К. В. Зубкова — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

A study was conducted on the impact of technological features of processing red grape varieties Bastardo Magarachsky, Cabernet Sauvignon, Odessa Black and Saperavi, cultivated in the conditions of the Kherson region, on the quality of dessert wines of a special type.A system for assessing the quality of grapes has been developed, which includes organoleptic examination of raw materials, indicators of technological maturity, determination of the amount of phenolic substances extracted and allows assessing the suitability of red grape varieties for the production of dessert wines of a special type.Based on the results of the research, the feasibility of using such grape varieties as Bastardo Magarachsky, Cabernet Sauvignon, Odessa Black, Saperavi for the preparation of dessert wines of a special type in terms of technological parameters and organoleptic properties attractive to the consumer has been established.A method for obtaining dessert wine materials of a special type with maximum extraction of phenolic compounds and better organoleptic indicators of wines by fermenting the pulp treated by the method of thermovinification at 60-65 °C for 8 hours is proposed. The use of this method of heat treatment makes it possible to form the organoleptic properties of dessert wine materials, during the subsequent aging, specific tones of prunes and chocolate are enhanced, corresponding to dessert wines of a special type.The regulated parameters of the production of dessert wines have been determined, which are the basis of the developed technological process and allow ensuring high quality of the resulting products.