ENGINE BRUSH WEAR SENSOR COLLECTOR MOTORS AC VOLTAGE BASED ON FIBER-OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER
Abstract
In this article the problems connected with the life of brushes of collector electric machines are considered, as well as methods of remote determination of their deterioration without the implementation of disassembly and maintenance. The analysis of existing methods of measuring the wear of brushes of collector electric machines of various power and magnitude is carried out. The main existing methods are observation, when the electrician removes the brush and measures its dimensions, but there are such methods as contact - in case of critical wear, the contacts of the conductors located in the body of the brush, or the change in the pressures of the brush holder, or the change in temperature, which is determined by contact or non-contact method. As a way out of this problem, it is suggested to use the potential opportunities of using fiber optic elements in measuring technology. The theoretical bases of construction of fiber - optic sensors on the basis of the Bregovian lattices are considered. The phenomena of change in the spectrum of the radiation response are determined - spectral eclipse and cross-distortion. Two variants of the Bregian lattices are considered: with a Gaussian mapping profile and with a phase - shift. It was found that the modulation of the spectrum for these variants is different. It is also determined that it is necessary to use two optical fibers.
The scheme of installation and mounting of reinforced optical fiber into the body of the brush of a collector electric machine is developed, taking into account its design features: the mounting point of the retaining device, the output of current conducting conductors. In the course of laboratory studies it was found that despite the positive qualities of quartz optical fiber in the transfer of laser radiation, on the collector of the electric machine are traces of quartz glass when erasing brushes. Therefore, it is suggested to use polystyrene or polycarbonate as an optical core, although their optical characteristics are lower.
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