RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL MEANS FOR PNEUMATIC CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATION OF GRAIN MATERIALS

Abstract

The article presents an analysis of current trends in the development of technologies for pneumatic-centrifugal separation of grain and seeds. The analysis of technical means for pneumatic-centrifugal separation of grain materials has shown that they are effective devices for sorting materials using aerodynamic principles and separating them into fractions based on seed density. It is also worth noting that the scientific principles underlying the designs of these machines allow for the separation of products based on their density using an airflow, providing a combined action of removing light impurities and cleaning the grain. It has been established that the considered designs of technical means for pneumatic-centrifugal separation of grain materials are characterized by improved construction, ensuring better uniformity of material distribution across the working surfaces of separating screens and compactness of their production. The advantages of these devices undoubtedly include high productivity and low energy consumption, making them attractive for grain processing and other agricultural materials. An analysis of recent trends in the development of machinery and equipment for pneumatic-centrifugal separation of grain materials indicates the relevance and prospects of this research direction. One of the promising directions in the development of pneumatic-vibratory centrifugal separation machines is the use of compact designs. Optimization of the process can lead to a reduction in the overall dimensions of the machine, which opens up the possibility of more efficient use of production space and materials. Moreover, such compact machines can be utilized as standalone units within a complex of machines for grain cleaning. Today, various methods of grain separation are actively being researched to develop highly efficient separating elements for grain cleaning machines. Among them, centrifugal-vibratory and centrifugal-pneumatic methods hold a leading position. Agricultural practice shows that only screen separating devices are not the optimal choice for grain cleaning machines. Air-screen machines, where air separation is combined with screen cleaning, are more widespread. However, the combination of a highly efficient pneumatic separating device with cylindrical centrifugal-vibratory screens is of great interest. Such an approach could lead to the creation of highly productive grain cleaning equipment, and the use of centrifugal-vibratory forces would further enhance the process of separating grain materials.